Kavli Affiliate: Frank Wilczek
| First 5 Authors: Michael P. Zaletel, Mikhail Lukin, Christopher Monroe, Chetan Nayak, Frank Wilczek
| Summary:
The spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry has led to the
discovery of a new phase of matter – the discrete time crystal. Discrete time
crystals exhibit rigid subharmonic oscillations, which result from a
combination of many-body interactions, collective synchronization, and
ergodicity breaking. This Colloquium reviews recent theoretical and
experimental advances in the study of quantum and classical discrete time
crystals. We focus on the breaking of ergodicity as the key to discrete time
crystals and the delaying of ergodicity as the source of numerous phenomena
that share many of the properties of discrete time crystals, including the AC
Josephson effect, coupled map lattices, and Faraday waves. Theoretically, there
exists a diverse array of strategies to stabilize time crystalline order in
both closed and open systems, ranging from localization and prethermalization
to dissipation and error correction. Experimentally, many-body quantum
simulators provide a natural platform for investigating signatures of time
crystalline order; recent work utilizing trapped ions, solid-state spin
systems, and superconducting qubits will be reviewed. Finally, this Colloquium
concludes by describing outstanding challenges in the field and a vision for
new directions on both the experimental and theoretical fronts.
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