Kavli Affiliate: Ran Wang
| First 5 Authors: Qiong Li, Ran Wang, Xiaohui Fan, Xue-Bing Wu, Linhua Jiang
| Summary:
The formation of the first supermassive black holes is expected to have
occurred in some most pronounced matter and galaxy overdensities in the early
universe. We have conducted a sub-mm wavelength continuum survey of 54 $zsim6$
quasars using the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometre Array-2 (SCUBA2) on the
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) to study the environments around $z sim
6$ quasars. We identified 170 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with above
3.5$sigma$ detections at 450 or 850 um, maps. Their FIR luminosities are 2.2
– 6.4 $times$ 10$^{12} L_{odot}$, and star formation rates are $sim$ 400 –
1200 M$_{odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. We also calculated the SMGs differential and
cumulative number counts in a combined area of $sim$ 620 arcmin$^2$. To a
$4sigma$ detection (at $sim$ 5.5 mJy), SMGs overdensity is
$0.68^{+0.21}_{-0.19}$($pm0.19$), exceeding the blank field source counts by a
factor of 1.68. We find that 13/54 quasars show overdensities (at $sim$ 5.5
mJy) of $delta_{SMG}sim$ 1.5 – 5.4. The combined area of these 13 quasars
exceeds the blank field counts with the overdensity to 5.5 mJy of dsmg $sim$
$2.46^{+0.64}_{-0.55}$($pm0.25$) in the regions of $sim$ 150 arcmin$^2$.
However, the excess is insignificant on the bright end (e.g., 7.5 mJy). We also
compare results with previous environmental studies of Lyman alpha emitters
(LAEs) and Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBGs) on a similar scale. Our survey presents
the first systematic study of the environment of quasars at $zsim6$. The newly
discovered SMGs provide essential candidates for follow-up spectroscopic
observations to test whether they reside in the same large-scale structures as
the quasars and search for protoclusters at an early epoch.
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