Kavli Affiliate: Renxin Xu
| First 5 Authors: Xiaoyu Lai, Chengjun Xia, Renxin Xu, ,
| Summary:
Our world is wonderful because of the normal but negligibly small baryonic
part (i.e., atoms) although unknown dark matter and dark energy dominate the
Universe. A stable atomic nucleus could be simply termed as “strong matter”
since its nature is dominated by the fundamental strong interaction. Is there
any other form of strong matter? Although nuclei are composed of 2-flavoured
(i.e., up and down flavours of valence quarks) nucleons, it is conjectured that
bulk strong matter could be 3-flavoured (with additional strange quarks) if the
baryon number exceeds the critical value, $A_{rm c}$, in which case quarks
could be either free (so-called strange quark matter) or localized (in
strangeons, coined by combining “strange nucleon”). Bulk strong matter could
be manifested in the form of compact stars, cosmic rays, and even dark matter.
This trinity will be explained in this brief review, that may impact
dramatically on today’s physics, particularly in the era of multi-messenger
astronomy after the discovery of gravitational wave.
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