Kavli Affiliate: George R. Ricker
| First 5 Authors: Quang H. Tran, Brendan P. Bowler, Michael Endl, William D. Cochran, Phillip J. MacQueen
| Summary:
We report the discovery of two transiting planets around the bright ($V=9.9$
mag) main sequence F7 star TOI-1670 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey
Satellite. TOI-1670 b is a sub-Neptune ($R_mathrm{b} = 2.06_{-0.15}^{+0.19}$
$R_oplus$) on a 10.9-day orbit and TOI-1670 c is a warm Jupiter ($R_mathrm{c}
= 0.987_{-0.025}^{+0.025}$ $R_mathrm{Jup}$) on a 40.7-day orbit. Using radial
velocity observations gathered with the Tull coud’e Spectrograph on the Harlan
J. Smith telescope and HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we find a
planet mass of $M_mathrm{c} = 0.63_{-0.08}^{+0.09}$ $M_mathrm{Jup}$ for the
outer warm Jupiter, implying a mean density of $rho_c = 0.81_{-0.11}^{+0.13}$
g cm$^{-3}$. The inner sub-Neptune is undetected in our radial velocity data
($M_mathrm{b} < 0.13$ $M_mathrm{Jup}$ at the 99% confidence level).
Multi-planet systems like TOI-1670 hosting an outer warm Jupiter on a nearly
circular orbit ($e_mathrm{c} = 0.09_{-0.04}^{+0.05}$) and one or more inner
coplanar planets are more consistent with "gentle" formation mechanisms such as
disk migration or $in$ $situ$ formation rather than high-eccentricity
migration. Of the 11 known systems with a warm Jupiter and a smaller inner
companion, 8 (73%) are near a low-order mean-motion resonance, which can be a
signature of migration. TOI-1670 joins two other systems (27% of this
subsample) with period commensurabilities greater than 3, a common feature of
$in$ $situ$ formation or halted inward migration. TOI-1670 and the handful of
similar systems support a diversity of formation pathways for warm Jupiters.
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