Kavli Affiliate: Ke Wang
| First 5 Authors: Muhammad Khalil, Muhammad Khalil, , ,
| Summary:
This paper presents a novel system architecture for hybrid satellite
communications, integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) and classical radio
frequency (RF) data transmission using a dual-band reconfigurable intelligent
surface (RIS). The motivation is to address the growing need for global,
secure, and reliable communications by leveraging the security of quantum
optical links and the robustness of classical RF channels within a unified
framework. By employing a frequency-selective RIS, the system independently
optimizes both quantum (850 nm) and classical (S-band) channels in real time,
dynamically adapting to environmental fluctuations such as atmospheric
turbulence and rain attenuation. The joint optimization of the quantum bit
error rate (QBER) and the classical signal-to noise ratio (SNR) is formulated
as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, enabling
efficient adaptive phase control utilizing both quantum and classical
computational methods. Comprehensive theoretical modeling and simulations,
benchmarked against experimental data from the Micius satellite, demonstrate
substantial performance gains. Notably, the RIS assisted system reduces QBER
from approximately 2.5% to 0.7%, increases the secure key rate (SKR) to over
30,000 bits per second, and enhances classical RF SNR by about 3 dB at high
elevation angles. These results illustrate the practical potential of hybrid
RIS-assisted satellite links to deliver robust, efficient, and secure global
communications.
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