Kavli Affiliate: Ke Wang
| First 5 Authors: Ke Wang, Xing-Jian Liu, Li-Ming Tu, Jia-Jie Zhang, Vladimir N. Gladilin
| Summary:
The antiferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice (AFIT) exemplifies
the most classical frustration system, arising from its triangular geometry
that prevents all interactions from being simultaneously satisfied.
Understanding geometric frustration in AFIT is crucial for advancing our
knowledge of materials science and complex phases of matter. Here, we present a
simple platform to study AFIT by arranging cylindrical magnets in vertical
cavities of a triangular lattice, where magnets can slide along the cavity axis
and stabilize either at the bottom or at the top of the cavity, analogous to
the bistability of the Ising spin. The strong interactions of the magnets and
the unique growing process allow the frustrated behavior and its ground state
configurations to be directly observed. Notably, we observe a curved stripe
phase, which is exotic to the Ising model. An effective thermalization process
is developed to minimize the interaction energy, facilitating the evolution of
various magnetic states, thereby visually realizing the ground state
antiferromagnetic Ising model. Theoretical simulations and machine learning are
performed concurrently to reveal the ground state and its evolution under
effective thermal fluctuations, which are remarkably consistent with
experimental results. Our system provides a unique platform to study frustrated
systems and pave the way for future explorations in complex geometries.
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