Kavli Affiliate: Sara Seager | Summary:It is unclear how directly imaged substellar companions with masses near the deuterium burning limit form, because these objects are rare and their bulk properties are not diagnostic of their formation. In this paper we revisit this problem using JWST/NIRCam coronagraphic images of the 29 Cygni (=HIP 99770) system that […]
Kavli Affiliate: George A. Alvarez | Authors: Srijani Saha, Talia Konkle and George A. Alvarez | Summary: The human visual system transforms patterns of light into rich perceptual experiences, where what we see is a construction that goes beyond simple measurement. Lightness illusions—where identical parts of an image can appear dramatically different depending on context—provide […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jeremiah Cohen | Authors: Zhixiao Su, Polina Kosillo, Kanghoon Jung, Shuonan Chen, Mathew T. Summers, Alex Piet, Han Hou, Kenta M. Hagihara, Drew Friedmann, Olivia Ho-Shing, Matthew I. Becker, Thomas Chartrand, Peter Grotz, Ella Hilton-VanOsdall, Margaret Lee, Rajvi Javeri, Samantha L. Tuggle, Naveen Ouellette, Holly Myers, Camilo Laiton, Kaelin Wulf, John Rohde, Alessio […]
Kavli Affiliate: Daniel R. Wilkins | Summary:Recent XRISM observations of active galactic nuclei such as PDS 456 have revealed “forests” of absorption lines best modeled by five distinct absorption zones with varying large blueshifts. We propose a model in which these relativistic blueshifts originate from the motion of the accretion disc itself, rather than from […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: Comparing $K$-sample distributions is a fundamental problem in data science that arises in a wide variety of fields and applications. In this article, we introduce a maximum-of-differences approach to make such comparisons. Specifically, we first calculate the pairwise distances from the pooled observations of the $K$ samples. We then define […]
Kavli Affiliate: Roberto Maiolino | Summary:JWST has revealed a large population of massive black holes (BHs) in the early Universe with unusual properties which mark them as distinct from low-redshift active galactic nuclei. Such findings have prompted the development of new models of BH formation and growth, and of their co-evolution with host galaxies. Linking […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: Graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by vision language models (VLMs) are rapidly moving from passive assistance to autonomous operation. However, this unrestricted action space exposes users to severe and irreversible financial, privacy or social harm. Existing safeguards rely on prompt engineering, brittle heuristics and VLM-as-critic lack formal verification and […]