Kavli Affiliate: Rui Costa | Authors: Akira Fushiki, David Ng, Zachary R. Lewis, Archana Yadav, Tatiana Saraiva, Luke A. Hammand, Christoph Wirblich, Bosiljka Tasic, Vilas Menon, Joaquim Alves da Silva and Rui M. Costa | Summary: In Parkinson′s disease (PD), dopaminergic neurons (DANs) in the midbrain gradually degenerate, with ventral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kristin Persson | Summary:The formation and stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) play a central role in determining the long-term performance and safety of modern electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite decades of research, the SEI’s heterogeneous, dynamic, and multi-phase nature has defied comprehensive molecular-level characterization, creating a critical knowledge gap that limits […]
Kavli Affiliate: Matthew Fisher | Summary:We explore the onset of spontaneous strong-to-weak symmetry breaking (SW-SSB) under U(1)-symmetric (i.e., charge-conserving) open-system dynamics. We define this phenomenon for quantum states and classical probability distributions, and explore it in three complementary models, one of which exhibits nontrivial quantum coherence at short times. Our main conclusions are as follows. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Hitoshi Murayama | Summary:In this document we update the status of U.S. community inputs for the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU) since April 1, 2025, and offer responses to the revised questions. Major new inputs include a long-term strategy report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Michael McDonald | Summary:We present imaging and spectroscopic analyses of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of ACT-CL J0123.5$-$0428, one of the most massive, highest redshift galaxy clusters detected within the survey fields of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The Chandra data are sufficient to characterize the morphology of this cluster and constrain the geometrically deprojected […]
Kavli Affiliate: Stephanie Wehner | Summary:We study quantum repeater chains in which entangled links between neighbouring nodes are created through heralded entanglement generation and adjacent links are swapped as soon as possible. Since heralded entanglement generation attempts succeed only probabilistically, some links will have to be stored in quantum memories at the nodes of the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Zachary Knight | Authors: Truong Ly, Xinyang Yi, Grace R. Lee, James CR Grove, Youssef E. Sibih, Yun Y. Oh, Longhui Qiu, Nilla Sivakumar and Zachary A Knight | Summary: The termination of a meal is triggered by sensory feedback from the stomach and intestines that reports on ingested food1–10 and is relayed […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wendy Freedman | Summary:Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of 92 galaxies that have a strong showing of I-band Asymptotic Giant Branch (IAGB) stars in their color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), are used to measure the relative offset between the mean apparent I-band magnitudes of the IAGB population and the corresponding apparent I-band magnitudes of the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wendy Freedman | Summary:In the I-band color-magnitude diagrams (CMD) of resolved nearby galaxies, the reddest asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars form a previously unremarked-upon, but nevertheless distinct and easily-identified population of high-luminosity stars. Hereafter we refer to this population as being comprised of I-Band AGB (IAGB) stars. Identifying these stars in the Large […]
Kavli Affiliate: Huawei Zhang | Summary:We combine narrow/medium-band filter photometry from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) DR4 with ultra broad-band filter photometry from Gaia EDR3 to derive fundamental stellar parameters ($T_rm eff$, $log g$, [Fe/H], ages) and elemental-abundance ratios ([C/Fe] and [$α$/Fe]) for 5.4 million stars in the Galaxy (4.9 million dwarfs and […]