Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi W. Masui
| First 5 Authors: The CHIME/FRB Collaboration, The CHIME/FRB Collaboration, , ,
| Summary:
Precise localizations of a small number of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs)
using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have enabled multiwavelength
follow-up observations revealing diverse local environments. However, the
2–3% of FRB sources that are observed to repeat may not be representative of
the full population. Here we use the VLBI capabilities of the full CHIME
Outriggers array for the first time to localize a nearby (40 Mpc), bright
(kJy), and apparently one-off FRB source, FRB 20250316A, to its environment on
13-pc scales. We use optical and radio observations to place deep constraints
on associated transient emission and the properties of its local environment.
We place a $5sigma$ upper limit of $L_mathrm9.9~mathrmGHz <
2.1times10^25~mathrmerg~s^-1~Hz^-1$ on spatially coincident radio
emission, a factor of 100 lower than any known compact persistent radio source
associated with an FRB. Our KCWI observations allow us to characterize the gas
density, metallicity, nature of gas ionization, dust extinction and
star-formation rate through emission line fluxes. We leverage the exceptional
brightness and proximity of this source to place deep constraints on the
repetition of FRB 20250316A, and find it is inconsistent with all well-studied
repeaters given the non-detection of bursts at lower spectral energies. We
explore the implications of a measured offset of 190$pm20$ pc from the center
of the nearest star-formation region, in the context of progenitor channels.
FRB 20250316A marks the beginning of an era of routine localizations for
one-off FRBs on tens of mas-scales, enabling large-scale studies of their local
environments.
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