Optical Design of the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)

Kavli Affiliate: Jeffrey McMahon

| First 5 Authors: Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Trevor Oxholm, Gage Siebert, Alyssa Barlis, Emily M. Barrentine

| Summary:

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the
EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a
balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon
monoxide (CO) at redshifts $z<1$ and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts $z =
2.5-3.5$ to probe star formation over cosmic time in cross-correlation with
galaxy redshift surveys. The EXCLAIM instrument is designed to observe at
frequencies of $420$–$540$ GHz using six microfabricated silicon integrated
spectrometers with spectral resolving power $R = 512$ coupled to kinetic
inductance detectors (KIDs). A completely cryogenic telescope cooled to a
temperature below 5~K provides low-background observations between narrow
atmospheric lines in the stratosphere. Off-axis reflective optics use a $90$-cm
primary mirror to provide $4.2^prime$ full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)
resolution at the center of the EXCLAIM band over a field of view of
$22.5^prime$. Illumination of the $1.7$ K cold stop combined with blackened
baffling at multiple places in the optical system ensure low ($< -40$ dB) edge
illumination of the primary to minimize spill onto warmer elements at the top
of the dewar.

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