Kavli Affiliate: Eli S. Rykoff | First 5 Authors: Constantin Payerne, Zhuowen Zhang, Michel Aguena, Céline Combet, Thibault Guillemin | Summary: Cluster scaling relations are key ingredients in cluster abundance-based cosmological studies. In optical cluster cosmology, where clusters are detected through their richness, cluster-weak gravitational lensing has proven to be a powerful tool to constrain […]

Kavli Affiliate: Eli Rykoff | Summary:Cluster scaling relations are key ingredients in cluster abundance-based cosmological studies. In optical cluster cosmology, where clusters are detected through their richness, cluster-weak gravitational lensing has proven to be a powerful tool to constrain the cluster mass-richness relation. This work is conducted as part of the Dark Energy Science Collaboration […]

Kavli Affiliate: Tom Abel | Summary:The $k$-Nearest Neighbour Cumulative Distribution Functions are measures of clustering for discrete datasets that are fast and efficient to compute. They are significantly more informative than the 2-point correlation function. Their connection to $N$-point correlation functions, void probability functions and Counts-in-Cells is known. However, the connections between the CDFs and […]

Kavli Affiliate: Zeeshan Ahmed | Summary:We compare multiple foreground-cleaning pipelines for estimating the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, using simulated maps of the planned CMB-S4 experiment within the context of the South Pole Deep Patch. To evaluate robustness, we analyze bias and uncertainty on $r$ across various foreground suites using map-based simulations. The foreground-cleaning methods include: a […]

Kavli Affiliate: Igor Moskalenko | Summary:Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $e^pm$, $barp$, and nuclei (H-Si, S, Fe), which have resulted in a number of breakthroughs. Besides elemental spectra, AMS-02 also measures the spectra of light isotopes albeit within a smaller […]

Kavli Affiliate: Dustin M. Schroeder| First 5 Authors: Long Phan, Long Phan, , , | Summary:Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM […]

Kavli Affiliate: Shawn Henderson | Summary:The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment that currently consists of three 0.42m small-aperture telescopes (SATs) and one 6m large-aperture telescope (LAT), located at an elevation of 5200m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. At the LAT’s focal plane, SO will install >62,000 transition-edge […]

Kavli Affiliate: Hsiao-Mei (Sherry) Cho| First 5 Authors: [#item_custom_name[1, [#item_custom_name[2, [#item_custom_name[3, [#item_custom_name[4, [#item_custom_name[5| Summary:We address the neutral inclusion problem with imperfect boundary conditions, focusing on designing interface functions for inclusions of arbitrary shapes. Traditional Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) struggle with this inverse problem, leading to the development of Conformal Mapping Coordinates Physics-Informed Neural Networks (CoCo-PINNs), […]

Kavli Affiliate: Roger W. Romani | First 5 Authors: Jack T. Dinsmore, Roger W. Romani, , , | Summary: The Guitar nebula surrounding PSR B2224+65 boasts a pulsar X-ray filament likely aligned with the local magnetic field. We present new RoboPol stellar polarization data distributed along the line-of-sight to the pulsar. The polarizing effect of […]

Kavli Affiliate: Keith Thompson| First 5 Authors: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, , , | Summary:Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of General Relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 […]