Kavli Affiliate: Avi Shporer
| Summary:
Warm Jupiters, with orbital periods of $10$–$200~rmdays$ and radii exceeding $8~R_oplus$, are a relatively understudied class of exoplanets occupying the parameter space between hot Jupiters and more widely separated, colder Jupiter analogs. In this work, we report the detection of a multi-planet warm Jupiter system around TOI-3850 (TIC-143008050), a moderately active, near-solar metallicity G0 dwarf star observed by TESS in Sectors 15, 21, 41, 48 and 75. Initially, a single candidate planet was discovered by TESS, displaying transit timing variations (TTVs) with an amplitude of $sim 1~rm hr$ and a super-period of $513~rm days$. Through a combination of transit photometry, radial velocity observations with MAROON-X, and TTV modeling, we identify two planets: TOI-3850 b $(P_b=14.484pm0.002~mathrmdays,~ M_b =112pm20~M_oplus,~e_b = 0.018pm0.008, R_b = 12.07pm0.09~R_oplus, ~T_rmeq=841pm10~rmK)$, a transiting warm Jupiter, and TOI-3850 c $(P_c=29.85pm0.01~mathrmdays,~ M_c =90pm15~M_oplus,~e_c < 0.015, ~T_rmeq=661pm7~rmK)$, a non-transiting, Saturn-mass companion. The two planets lie wide of the 2:1 mean motion resonance $(P_c/P_b approx 2.06)$, consistent with a formation history involving disk-driven migration. $N$-body integrations indicate that TOI-3850 c may begin to transit on decadal timescales, while TOI-3850 b remains a promising target for follow-up atmospheric characterization.
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