Kavli Affiliate: Aaron Roodman | Summary:Strongly lensed Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with an observable time delay can be used to constrain the expansion history of the Universe through time-delay cosmography (TDC). As the sample of time-delay lenses grows to statistical size, with $mathcalO$(1000) lensed AGN forecast to be observed by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory […]
Kavli Affiliate: Aaron Roodman | Summary:Strongly lensed Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with an observable time delay can be used to constrain the expansion history of the Universe through time-delay cosmography (TDC). As the sample of time-delay lenses grows to statistical size, with $mathcalO$(1000) lensed AGN forecast to be observed by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory […]
Kavli Affiliate: Tom Abel | Summary:Extracting cosmological parameters from galaxy/halo catalogues with sub-percent level accuracy is an important aspect of modern cosmology, especially in view of ongoing and upcoming surveys such as Euclid, DESI, and LSST. While traditional two-point statistics have been known to be suboptimal for this task, recently proposed k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) based […]
Kavli Affiliate: Tom Abel | Summary:Extracting cosmological parameters from galaxy/halo catalogues with sub-percent level accuracy is an important aspect of modern cosmology, especially in view of ongoing and upcoming surveys such as Euclid, DESI, and LSST. While traditional two-point statistics have been known to be suboptimal for this task, recently proposed k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) based […]
Kavli Affiliate: Hsiao-Mei (Sherry) Cho| First 5 Authors: [#item_custom_name[1, [#item_custom_name[2, [#item_custom_name[3, [#item_custom_name[4, [#item_custom_name[5| Summary:Weakly-Supervised Video Anomaly Detection aims to identify anomalous events using only video-level labels, balancing annotation efficiency with practical applicability. However, existing methods often oversimplify the anomaly space by treating all abnormal events as a single category, overlooking the diverse semantic and temporal […]
Kavli Affiliate: Zeeshan Ahmed| First 5 Authors: Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin, Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin, , , | Summary:Large Language Models (LLMs) have benefited enormously from scaling, yet these gains are bounded by five fundamental limitations: (1) hallucination, (2) context compression, (3) reasoning degradation, (4) retrieval fragility, and (5) multimodal misalignment. While existing surveys describe these phenomena […]
Kavli Affiliate: Hsiao-Mei (Sherry) Cho| First 5 Authors: [#item_custom_name[1, [#item_custom_name[2, [#item_custom_name[3, [#item_custom_name[4, [#item_custom_name[5| Summary:Text-to-image diffusion models generate realistic and coherent images but often fail to follow numerical instructions in text, revealing a gap between language and visual representation. Interestingly, we found that these models are not entirely blind to numbers-they are implicitly aware of their […]
Kavli Affiliate: Laura Schaefer | Summary:The TRAPPIST-1 planets have become prime targets for studying the atmospheric and geophysical properties of planets around M-dwarf stars. To effectively identify their atmospheric composition, we first must understand their geological evolution. For this study, we focus on enhancing an existing atmosphere-interior exchange model by incorporating additional geological processes relevant […]
Kavli Affiliate: Igor Moskalenko | Summary:We use the GALPROP cosmic ray (CR) propagation framework to model the diffuse neutrino and gamma-ray emissions from the Galaxy. A collection of realistic bounding models are developed and predictions of the resulting neutrino and gamma-ray signals are compared to the IceCube and LHAASO data up to PeV energies. We […]
Kavli Affiliate: Peter Graham | Summary:We showcase cosmology’s ability to constrain long-range forces between dark matter particles. Specifically, we consider a fermionic dark matter interacting via a Yukawa-coupled light scalar, focusing on regimes where the dark forces are stronger than gravitational and yet unconstrained. We show that the dark sector dynamics, both at the background […]